What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?

The primary cause of myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is coronary artery disease. This condition involves the buildup of plaque—a combination of fat, cholesterol, and other substances—within the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Over time, this plaque can harden or rupture, leading to a blockage that restricts blood flow to the heart. When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood, it can become damaged or die, resulting in a myocardial infarction.

Coronary artery disease is the leading risk factor for heart attacks, as it directly impacts the blood supply to the heart. Other conditions, such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart valve disease, may contribute to heart problems or increase the risk of complications but are not the primary cause of myocardial infarctions. For instance, hypertension can strain the heart and blood vessels, which may contribute to heart disease over time, but it does not directly cause a heart attack as coronary artery disease does. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for both prevention and treatment in the context of cardiac health.