What is the primary cause of heart failure?

The primary cause of heart failure is linked to the inadequate ejection of blood from the ventricles. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, which can result from weakened heart muscles or structural changes in the heart.

When the ventricles are unable to contract effectively, it leads to insufficient blood being pushed out into circulation. This poor ejection fraction means that the heart cannot supply adequate blood, leading to symptoms of fatigue, fluid retention, and decreased exercise tolerance. Inadequate ejection is central to various types of heart failure, including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

While excessive blood volume, heart valve defects, and coronary artery obstruction can all contribute to heart function issues, they are typically secondary factors that can lead to the primary failure of the heart's ability to eject blood efficiently. Understanding this distinction helps clarify the underlying mechanisms of heart failure, emphasizing the importance of ventricular function in the condition.